Secure-Coding Takeaways

• Bounds are your job in C/C++: validate every length; favor safe APIs and length-checked copies over strcpy / memcpy with attacker sizes.
• Kill lifetime bugs: after free/kfree, null the pointer; own object lifetimes clearly (RAII, reference counts) to prevent UAF and double free.
• Watch integers: size and index math is where overflows become memory corruption — check before you allocate or copy.
• Defense in depth: compile with modern mitigations on, keep them on, and never rely on a single one.
• Prefer memory-safe languages for new code where you can (Rust, Go); isolate and minimize unsafe native surface.