Process Virtual Address Space (Linux x86-64)

• Every process sees a private, flat 64-bit virtual address space (user space typically the low 47 bits: 0x0 up to 0x00007fffffffffff).
• The kernel + MMU map virtual pages to physical frames; each process is isolated from the others.
• The address space is carved into regions with different permissions (read / write / execute).

The classic segments

.text (code) · .rodata (constants) ·

.data (init globals) · .bss (zero globals) ·

heap · mmap / shared libs · stack